How to make a pharmaceutical suspension. 7️⃣ Rate of sedimentation is high in? A.
How to make a pharmaceutical suspension Some are given bellow; Suspension is usually applicable for drug which is insoluble or poorly soluble. STABILITY OF SUSPENSIONS : • Methods for stabilizing suspension - Physical Stability can be achieved by maintaining the particle in Brownian motion a) Provide Electric charge on surface of dispersed particle: The like charge on the particles will prevent these coming closer together and thus maintaining a Brownian motion. It was targeted to scrutinize the literature floating in the internet domain regarding pharmaceutical suspension for delivery of 3. Of these, two examples that are commonly used include suspensions and syrups. Pharmaceutical Suspensions, From Formulation Development to Manufacturing should serve as a good resource for pharmaceutical scientists, process scientists and chemical engineers involved in the areas of research and development of pharma-ceutical suspension dosage forms, and for new and sustaining scientists of the Pharmaceutical Suspension Suspensions as defined by the physical chemist are a two – phase system consisting of a finely divided solid dispersed in a solid, liquid or gas. A Pharmaceutical suspension is a coarse dispersion in which internal phase Recently, a pharmaceutical company which produces an ibuprofen suspension in sugar syrup was having production challenges. , interfacial properties, electric double layer, wetting, flocculated and deflocculated systems the several classes of coarse dispersions. - Calamine lotion. A pharmaceutical suspension is a coarse dispersion of insoluble particles (> 1 µm in diameter) in a liquid medium, usually aqueous. rer. Therefore, pharmaceutical suspension finds its application through three different routes of administration namely oral, externally applied suspension and injectable one. nat. LAI formulations have several advantages relative to classical oral formulations, including reduced frequency of administration, enhanced therapy adherence and patient compliance, and Pharmaceutical Syrup. Colloidal dispersion C. The drug and pharmaceutical materials utilized must be compatible with one another to produce a drug product that is stable, efficacious, attractive, easy to administer and safe. Pharm students. The drug and pharmaceutical materials 4. Pharmaceutical suspension offers resistance to degradation of drugs due to hydrolysis, oxidation or microbial activity. Duration and onset of action can be controlled 5. Protamine Zinc-Insulin suspension. , batch can be accepted or rejected) and has provided the public with quality pharmaceuticals (Leuenberger, 2001). Suspensions: Definition, advantages and Taken filter liquor and make sufficient dilution and determined for the drug release by HPLC and then calculated accumulative drug release (Sandile et. The selection The requirements of formulations for the paediatric age group are specified and information on excipients is revised. Classification of Pharmaceutical Suspensions A. Introduction Definition: A Pharmaceutical suspension is a heterogeneous system consisting of two phases in which internal phase is dispersed uniformly throughout the external phase. • Oral suspensions are oral liquids containing one or more active 9. Rapid onset of action can be controlled ex: Protamine Zinc-Insulin suspension. They are easy and simple to make, and best of all, they are safe, effective. When we formulate a good pharmaceutical suspension we have to strike a balance of factors; we want the suspension to be easy to shake and disperse the particles, but we want the particles to settle fast to make sure a hard sediment doesn’t form. The displacement or distance moved (Di) due to Brownian motion is Can I make a more gradual taper if I make my own suspension? I thought it would be easier to have a compounding pharmacy make the suspension and they told me that when they make a Zoloft suspension, they make it from pure powder (without the fillers or binding agents that are in the pills); they were skeptical that I could make a good suspension from the pill. FOR EXAMPLE: Drugs intended for injection may be formulated as a Suspension for intramuscular injection utilizing an oily or aqueous vehicle in order to create a depot that the drug is slowly released from over time. 3. Various domperidone suspensions were prepared using different flocculating agents (AlCl2, CaCl2) and suspending agents (SLS, HPMC, NaCMC). • Oral suspensions are oral liquids containing one or more active Define and describe the physical characteristics of pharmaceutical suspensions. , borate/polyol complex system) or both. But if you still want to make the suspension at home – how do you do it? It is very easy to make at home, and it is very safe – as long as you follow the instructions. Owing to their versatility they are often used in mask a bitter taste of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), in-crease the API stability or control the drug release. 1 Important Considerations in Formulation of Suspension. Disadvantages of Pharmaceutical Suspensions. Separately prepare 5% w/v of calcium carbonate suspension with 1% of a different suspending agent such as bentonite, and methylcellulose, respectively in a different vessel add a small quantity of water, and A pharmaceutical suspension is a dispersed system where insoluble particles are uniformly distributed throughout a liquid medium. Bule Hora University 15 The suspended particles should not settle rapidly and sediment produced, must be easily re-suspended by the use of moderate amount of shaking. This leaflet does not take the place of talking with your doctor about your child’s medical condition or treatment. Discover the types, benefits, and applications of suspensions, including oral, topical, and injectable formulations. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright 3. The particles which settle to the bottom of the container must not form a hard cake. Flavoring agents: Flavours e. Owing to their versatility they are often used in SUSPENSIONS 8 Deflocculated suspensions In deflocculated suspension, individual particles are settling. 5-5 µm. The particles have diameters for the most part greater than 0. Pharmacists were trained to compound medications (like antibacterial sulfa drugs and phenolic compounds) with excipients. On the basis of particles size of solid Colloidal suspension: size of particle <1 micron. where V is the terminal velocity of sedimentation (cm/s), d is the diameter of the particle (cm), ρ 1 and ρ 2 are the densities of the suspended particles and the medium, respectively, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and η 0 is the viscosity of the medium. Read this Instructions for Use before giving XARELTO and each time you get a refill. Compare and contrast Formulation research begins with the generation of the preformulation information (physicochemical properties) and leads to the selection of a prototype suspension formulation. 4. We have covered following topics. Based on electrokinetic nature of solid particles 1. 9% sterile saline solution in a ratio of 1: 10 dilution by transferring & thoroughly mixing each dilution to yield count of 10 – 100 CFU/ml. Topical suspensions – (Externally applied) E. External phase/dispersion medium/continuous phase/vehicle/ liquid (e. The syrup is a saturated or concentrated, viscous aqueous solution of sucrose/sugar substitute with or without flavor/medicinal substances in purified water. Flocculated Suspension o Particles forms a loose aggregate & form network like structure. Mix the powders intimately with the glycerin and about 100ml of the dilute magma, triturating Oil-based non-aqueous liquid suspension drug delivery vehicles, suitable for the administration of drugs which are sensitive to water or which have an unpalatable taste comprise an edible oil, a sugar, and a suspending agent. Cholera vaccine, insulin, Zinc suspension. • The particle diameter in a suspension is usually ranges from 0. SOME MARKETED SUSPENSIONS. In order to increase the shelf–life of these We have provided 30 MCQs on Suspensions, Unit-3, 1st semester, Pharmaceutics-1, B. A Pharmaceutical suspension is a coarse dispersionin which internal phase is dispersed uniformly throughout the external phase [4]. Ø Drug in suspension exhibits higher rate of bioavailability than other dosage forms. The discussion in this chapter is limited to solid–liquid suspensions in aqueous medium. What kind of water can I use for homemade Amoxicillin? Remember that the Classification of Pharmaceutical Suspension Based on the route of administration: Pharmaceutical Suspension formulations are classified as: Topical suspensions: They are applied on the skin externally for local effect. In that respect, viscosity of a pharmaceutical suspension is a critical parameter The objective of this study was to evaluate a novel oil-based suspension as a potential parenteral drug delivery system for drugs with poor water solubility. , 2007). 0 micron . Suspensions are appropriate when the drug to be incorporated is not sufficiently soluble in an ordinary solvent or cosolvent system. UE TO THE NATURE of pharmaceutical sus- pensions and the fact that they are to be used as dosage forms, physical stability is of ut- most importance. Examples include sorbitol, corn 3. The external oral suspension dissolution tests for pharmaceutical products registered by Anvisa in Brazil and by FDA in the USA. Suspensions are classified by route of administration, nature of dispersed phase, in a regulatory file (Nahata et al. INTRODUCTION A pharmaceutical suspension is a dosage form in which internal phase is dispersed uniformly throughout the external phase. Precipitation by pH 3. The selection of an appropriate suspending agent is one of the most crucial factors in formulating a pharmaceutical suspension. Benefits and constraints of the active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), valuable excipients, associated interactions, and Check the label on the bottle to know how to store the medication after it is reconstituted to a suspension and when to throw away the suspension. Most of the new active pharmaceutical ingredients are weak acid or basic drugs with pH-dependent solubility. The document summarizes a study on the formulation and evaluation of domperidone suspensions. These can be further classified as shown in Table 3. A flocculated suspension refers to a system in which suspended particles are formed into floccules (i. Syrup. 8️⃣ If particle size is 1 micro-meter to 100 micro- meters _ A. Surface modification of nano-suspension API particles enables targeted delivery to specific organs. Pharmaceutical suspensions are biphasic and thermodynamically unstable and consist of a dispersion containing finely divided insoluble material suspended in a liquid medium []. 2009). desirable in a pharmaceutical suspension to ensure uniform dosing. 1. o Sediment is easy to re-disperse. 2% to 20% of a substantially water soluble pharmaceutical active, e. Pharmacist accepts the definition and admits that a variety of a dosage form fall within the scope such as Gels, Lotions, Magmas, Mixtures and the official Suspensions. Introduction. Presentation: The reconstituted suspension will be a white / off-white / brownish suspension containing 2mg/ml or 4mg/ml omeprazole. This method is based on the DLVO theory 1,2 Pharmaceutical suspension is used for a variety of pharmaceutical uses, for instance, drugs having low solubility, e. The particle size of Abbreviated Prescribing Information: Omeprazole 2mg/ml and 4mg/ml, Powder for Oral Suspension. o Rate of sedimentation is high. The first step is to obtain particles of the proper size typically in the micrometer range. Suspension can mask the unpleasant/ bitter taste of certain drugs ex: Chloramphenicol. Key aspects of suspensions include the particle size, shape, interactions, and use of suspending agents to decrease aggregation. Examples include Calamine lotion. , weakly attracted or weakly bonded aggregates of particles) rather than separate discrete particles. 5 µm. What is Pharmaceutical suspension, Its types, Ideal characteristics , Application, Formulation Composition Pharmaceutical aerosols emit liquid or solid materials in a gaseous medium when they are actuated. Generally, three approaches are used to formulate a Pharmaceutical suspension: Formulation of suspensions depends on whether the suspension is deflocculated or flocculated. 5 – 5 micrometer ; Pharmaceutical solutions are one-phase liquid systems in which the drug is distributed, at a molecular level, in a solvent. These nano-suspensions are stabilized by the use of various surfactants and polymers. Oxytetracycline suspension To mask Step 10: Discard any remaining suspension upon expiry as advised after reconstitution. . These include thickeners, sweeteners, flavors and preservatives. Internal phase consists – Insoluble solid particle size of range -0. During this process the powder is often compressed using a roller (roller compaction) to form a ribbon, or can be compacted to form a ‘slug’, Figure 3. 25 to 25µm Particle size of suspended A pharmaceutical suspension includes the external phase as the base and the internal phase (therapeutically active ingredient), which is homogeneously dispersed in the entire external phase. 1 m and some of the particles are observed under the microscope to exhibit Brownian movement if the dispersion has a low viscosity4. Parenteral suspension. In Newtonian flow, the shear stress and shear rate are always in direct proportion to each other. The pediatric Population are most Colloidal suspension having particles which are very small, and thereby remain in suspension for a very long time due to Brownian movement. The quantities of PCT and MFA in pharmaceutical suspension were found to be 99. 01% and 101. e. The document discusses various equipments and methods used to prepare and test pharmaceutical suspensions. Dispersion Method See more The main objective is to formulate a stable 5% paracetamol oral suspension using a combination of suspending agent (carboxymethylcellulose and microcrystalline cellulose) thus The manufacture of pharmaceutical suspensions involves several steps. This video is from the middle of a pharmaceutics lab 😍 You will loooove it 😃We get into the process of preparing pharmaceutical suspensions with a real lif Pharmaceutical Suspensions_pdf - Free download as PDF File (. 2. The external article_wjpps_1391273771 - Free download as PDF File (. , 1999). Today however, reducing manufacturing costs has become a priority, due A Pharmaceutical suspension is a dispersed system in which the internal phase is dispersed uniformly as finely divided insoluble particles throughout the external phase. Pharmaceutical suspension Quality Control of Suspensions The following tests are carried out in the final quality control of suspension: Appearance Color, odor and taste Physical characteristics such as particle size determination and microscopic photography for crystal growth Sedimentation rate and Zeta Potential measurement Sedimentation volume Redispersibility and Pharmaceutical Suspensions. Furthermore, the degradation of some drugs, e. 7% w/w as per Indian Pharmacopeia/BP. Deflocculated suspension. Abstract: The proper design and formulation of a dosage form requires consideration of the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of all of the drug substances and A suspension is a disperse system in which solid, vehicle-insoluble particles (internal phase) are uniformly suspended by mechanical agitation and formulation design Suspensions are one of the oldest types of dosage form and in simple terms consist of drug particles suspended in water. The present invention is directed to the provision of a pharmaceutical suspension. 2. Therapeutic Indications: Adults: Treatment of duodenal ulcers, gastric Explore the comprehensive guide on pharmaceutical suspensions – a vital solid-liquid dispersion in pharmacy. The physical chemist defines the word “suspension” as two-phase system consisting of an undissloved or immiscible material dispersed in a vehicle (solid, liquid, or gas). The main methods for the formulation of suspensions are 1. Most pharmaceutical suspensions consist of an aqueous dispersion medium, although organic or oily liquids are also used in some instances. Procaine penicillin G. Examples of antibiotic drugs for oral suspension. Test Methods for Pharmaceutical Suspensions - Free download as Word Doc (. 5 ± 2. This document reviews pharmaceutical suspensions. 1. Pharmaceutical Suspensions, From Formulation Development to Manufacturing adopts an organization culture that is consistent with the development methodology that is frequently employed in the pharmaceutical sector (Grießmann et al. Homogeneous dispersion of the key ingredient in such products is essential for uniform dosing. , are added to pharmaceutical suspensions for taste-masking purposes. It should have pleasing odour , Pharmaceutical Suspension I Formulation of Suspension I Formulation Noteshttps: Pharmaceutical Suspension I Formulation of Suspension I Formulation Noteshttps: Finally, smaller particles work to keep pharmaceutical suspension costs down since the volume of active ingredient(s) of any one product remains constant and can be consistently measured and dispersed during each manufacturing run. txt) or read online for free. Pipette out 0. Bioavailability is in following order, Solution > Suspension > Capsule > Compressed Tablet > Coated tablet Furthermore, a suspension must also be correctly shaken before a pharmacist dispenses a suspension to a patient, as reported to the Institute of Safe Medication Practices. Suspension is defined as a biphasic liquid dosage form in which a solid is dispersed in liquid. 5. The purpose of this chapter is to provide general information to guide and assist pharmacists in performing the necessary calculations when preparing or compounding any pharmaceutical article (see Pharmaceutical Compounding—Nonsterile Preparations 795, Pharmaceutical Compounding—Sterile Preparations 797, and Good Compounding Practices 1075) or when PHARMACEUTICAL SUSPENSION: A REVIEW Neha1*, Sampat Kumar1, Vandana Sharma2, Mukesh Sharma3, Ashok Kumar Sharma4 and Vani Madaan4 1Scholar, Arya College of Pharmacy, Jaipur, Rajasthan. A solid in liquid dispersion, in which the Pharmaceutical preparations are often composed of many and varying ingredients – known as excipients– which are contained within a vehicle. Cefuroxime axetil for Oral Suspension, USP (Ceroxim for Oral Suspension, Sun Pharmaceutical) Antifungal oral suspension SOME PHARMACEUTICAL SUSPENSIONS. A good understanding of the fundamentals of disperse systems is essential in the development of a suitable pharmaceutical 19. In the present review, we are presenting some aspects of pharmaceutical suspension with their types, properties, formulations, bioavailability, manufacturing and latest advancements in Concentrated suspensions: In concentrated suspension the number of solid particles are in concentration about 50% w/v [9]. Introduction Definition: A Pharmaceutical suspension is a heterogeneous system consisting of two phases in which internal phase is dispersed uniformly throughout the external Pharmaceutical Suspensions, From Formulation Development to Manufacturing should serve as a good resource for pharmaceutical scientists, process scientists and chemical engineers This is a sequence of pharmaceutical suspension . In pharmaceutical formulations, controlled flocculation is a mechanism to prevent particle caking in suspension formulations. The company had been developing a new product with the use use of nano-suspension. To obtain a pharmaceutically acceptable, thermodynamically stable suspension, there is a need to include a suspending agent in a dosage form. Other examples of solvents used in suspension formulation include alcohol, acetic acid, acetone, ethyl acetates, etc. Suspensions-Diffinition • Suspension: is a two-phase system consisting of a finely divided solid particles dispersed in liquid (solid drug in liquid vehicle). The rate of drug delivery is influenced by viscosity of the milieu. Equipments for preparation include fluid energy mills, ball mills, blenders, roller mills, homogenizers, and mixers. 3 Serially dilute the enriched A Pharmaceutical suspension is a coarse dispersion in which internal phase (therapeutically active ingredient)is dispersed uniformly throughout the external phase. Consult Summary of Product Characteristics before prescribing. pharm and D. The proper design and formulation of a dosage form requires consideration of the physi- cal, chemical, and biologic characteristics of all of the drug substances and pharmaceutical ingredients to be used in fabricating the prod-uct. Both have their unique characteristics and uses. •Suspension is a Heterogeneous coarse dispersion systems containing two phases. al. 5°C for 24 to 48 hours & fungal suspension at 22. Co-solvent. the several classes of coarse dispersions. Pharmaceutical dispersion Dispersed system consists of particulate matter, known as the dispersed phase, distributed throughout continuous or dispersion medium. For the study of the suspension we have to know the In pharmaceuticals, suspensions may be in powder for suspension for reconstitution later such as tetracycline oral suspension or may be in ready-to-use such as trisulfapyrimidines oral suspension. IntroductionIntroduction A Pharmaceutical suspension is a disperse system in which internal phase is dispersed uniformly as finely divided insoluble particles throughout the external phase. The internal phase is 3. Some new preparations are given as examples for standardised 7. Suspensions A pharmaceutical suspension is a coarse dispersion in which insoluble solid particles are dispersed Lachman L, Third edition, " Pharmaceutical Suspension " The Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy, Verghese Publishing House, Bombay 1996, Page No:488-489. The range of solid particles in suspension is 0. The product should be manufactured under appropriate measures of quality control and packaged in containers that contribute to product stability. Suspensions A pharmaceutical suspension is a coarse dispersion in which insoluble solid particles are dispersed PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN 7 FLOW AND SUSPENSION PROPERTIES Page 3 of 14 Types of Flow Behavior There are many types of flow behavior which are broadly categorized as either Newtonian or non-Newtonian. In this scenario a critical evaluation about the dissolution procedure of the suspension was performed considering the BCS and its requirements to After suspending the powder uniformly transfer the suspension into a 100ml measuring cylinder to make up the volume to 100ml with distilled water. All paracetamol suspensions contain paracetamol BP or Acetaminophen USP with some common excipients such as suspending agents, viscosity modifiers, wetting agents, co-solvents, solvents, preservatives, flavoring agents, coloring agents, sweetening agents, and humectants etc. In attempting to make cal- culations concerning the physical stability of a pharmaceutical suspension, however, it is usually found that an extremely complex system must be effectiveness of pharmaceutical dosage forms is termed pharmaceutics. A pharmaceutical suspension with F value 1 is the ideal system and such a system is said to be flocculated. De-flocculated 2. Physical stability, sedimentation and compaction can cause A review of the suspension formulations included in published lists of pharmaceutical formulations (Niazi 2004a, b) provided the list of excipients and frequencies of use shown in Table 3. The Examples of inactive pharmaceutical ingredients (excipients) used as suspending agent (increase viscosity of suspension) potassium alginate, povidone, propylene glycol effectiveness of pharmaceutical dosage forms is termed pharmaceutics. Explore quizzes and practice tests created by teachers and students or create one from your course material. The internal phase consists of insoluble solid particles having a specific range of size which is maintained uniformly throughout the suspending vehicle with aid of a single or combination of 2Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vels Institute of Science, Technology and Advanced Studies, Chennai-600117, Tamil Nadu, India. Pharmaceutical suspensions are discussed with regard to theoretical considerations (e. , oxytetracycline, might be prevented when they are formulated as suspension [1]. Knowledge about the rheological properties of pharmaceutical suspensions is crucial to design effective production processes and products. Concentrated suspension – (50% w Pharmaceutical Suspensions What is expected from Student at the end of this topic: To know the nature of suspensions, Pharmaceutical uses of suspensions, Properties of an ideal suspension, Matters related to formulation of suspensions, Excipients used in suspensions and Preparation of both internal and external suspensions. Specifically, a suspension of crystalline itraconazole microparticles stabilized with Lipoid E80 was used as a m 4/17/2017 Pharmaceutical Compounding, Dr. In deflocculated suspension larger particles settle fast and smaller remain in 2. Quality control (QC) is a procedure or set of procedures that ensures that the manufactured product adheres to a defined set of quality criteria or meets the requirements of the customer. There is no sedimentation or caking in such a system and it is also aesthetically elegant since there is no visible clear supernatant. Particle size is important, with smaller sizes preferred for topical and injectable suspensions. Define flocculation and aggregation. Excipients may A pharmaceutical suspension is a coarse dispersion of insoluble solid particles in a liquid medium. Suspensions are the biphasic liquid dosage form of medicaments . Nano-suspension can be understood as the sub-micron colloidal dispersions of p’ceutical active ingredient particles in a liquid phase, with a size less than 1 micrometre, without any matrix material. Suspension dosage forms may be formulated for specific routes of administration such as oral suspensions, inhalation suspensions, topical suspensions, ophthalmic Most drug manufacturers prefer pharmaceutical suspensions over the solution dosage. Cefuroxime axetil for Oral Suspension, USP (Ceroxim for Oral Suspension, Sun Pharmaceutical) 53. suspension on the other hand stays dispersed for a longer time, howev er, when the . • Features desired in a pharmaceutical suspension • Therapeutic efficacy, chemical stability and aesthetic appeal of the preparation • It should settle slowly and should be readily redispersed upon gentle shaking of the container. The external 55 Suspension can improve chemical stability of certain drug. There may be new information. Coarse suspension: size of particle >1 Step 10: Discard any remaining suspension upon expiry as advised after reconstitution. A pharmaceutical suspension is a coarse dispersion in which internal phase is dispersed uniformly throughout the external phase. Suspension can This document reviews pharmaceutical suspensions. , prednisolone, are formulated as suspensions . 3 Serially dilute the enriched suspension in 0. Oxytetracycline suspension To mask Since long years, an oral pharmaceutical suspension has been one of the most preferable dosage forms for pediatric patients or patients incapable to tolerate solid dosage forms [2, 3]. Concentrated suspension (50% w/v solid) e. Precipitation method 1. Classification based on the route of administration 1. • Features desired in a pharmaceutical suspension • Therapeutic efficacy, chemical stability and aesthetic Dilute the bentonite magma with an equal volume of calcium hydroxide solution. Pharmaceutical aerosols are intended to deliver active drugs for inhalation, nasal, buccal, and sublingual administration. Organic solvent precipitation 2. We call the particles the disperse phase because, well they’re Pharmaceutical suspending agents are a class of excipients added to disperse systems to ensure that any solid particles in the formulation are kept uniformly distributed One of the most commonly mentioned ways to influence the behaviour of a suspension is changing the salt concentration. Solution > Suspension > Capsule > Compressed Tablet > Coated tablet Duration and onset of action can be controlled. Oral suspensions: Suspensions are administered orally for systemic effect. Additionally, the There are many applications of suspensions in pharmacy and some are administered by alternate routes of administration. 2ml of stock solution B in 10ml volumetric flask and make up the volume to make 2µg/ml dilution. Rebaz Ali 5 Introduction cont. DEFINITION • A pharmaceutical suspension is a coarse dispersion of insoluble solid particles in a liquid medium. Suspension “Preparation containing finely divided drug particles (Suspensoids/ Dispersed phase) distributed somewhat uniformly throughout a vehicle (Dispersion medium) in which the drug exhibits minimum degree of solubility” • Suspensions are heterogeneous system consisting of 2 phases. ¾Parenteral suspension eg: Procaine penicillin G. Pharmaceutical Suspensions, From Formulation Development to Manufacturing, in its organization, follows the development approach used widely in the pharmaceutical industry. It was targeted to scrutinize the Pharmaceutical suspensions, depending on the routes of administration, can be classified into three groups: oral suspensions, externally applied lotions, and injectable A pharmaceutical suspension is a coarse dispersion of insoluble solid particles in a liquid medium. Explain how Stokes’ equation describes the rate of settling of particles of a suspension. Features Desired In Pharmaceutical Suspensions 4/5/2022 Pharmaceutical Suspension by Aliyi G. This document discusses suspension as a biphasic liquid dosage form. 10. Suspension stability can be theoretically estimated prior to the beginning of the formulating process based on the solid phase particle size, Bismuth subnitrate is practically insoluble in water, which makes it convenient for oral pharmaceutical suspensions, rather than the other pharmaceutical forms. b) Maintain solvent sheath around the When components of a formula are not soluble, a suspension or an emulsion (see Chapter 19 of this book) is often indicated. Not all these categories will be discussed in detail. None. These excipients can take various forms – some solid, some liquid – and, as such, these different concentrations need to be taken into account. High Pressure Homogenizers Render the Best Particle Packing Results. Development of stable suspensions over the shelf life of the drug product continues to be a challenge on many fronts. 4, 0. g zinc oxide suspension. Rina Chokshi and Dago Caceres discuss how leveraging key ingredients in oral suspensions can enhance stability and sensory attributes, as well as encourage patient compliance. Tablet Defects and How to Overcome Them in Manufacturing Oral solid dose formulations, like The present invention is directed to the provision of a pharmaceutical suspension. Generally pharmaceutical suspensions contain A commercially available pharmaceutical oral suspension was selected as model formulation. Premixes of the raw materials were dosed via p The aim of this study was to Suspending agents are important in pharmaceutical suspensions because they help to reduce the rate of settling and allow for easy redispersion of any settled particulate matter . This review article aims to study and explore the advantages, novel suspending agents, patent preference, and innovations of pharmaceutical suspension. Flocculated B. A suspension is a two-phased system consisting of a finely divided solid dispersed in a solid, liquid, or gas. Pharm. 7️⃣ Rate of sedimentation is high in? A. Simple syrup contain 85% w/v (65% w/w); specific gravity 1. Learn how suspensions enhance drug delivery, controlled release, and solubility, all backed by insights from our expert pharmacy teacher. ¾Oral suspension eg: Paracetamol suspension. Suspensions are classified by route of administration, nature of dispersed phase, Definition of a Pharmaceutical Suspending Agent. 5 to 5. A disperse phase with a mean particle diameter of up to 1µm is usually termed a colloidal dispersion, and includes such examples a aluminium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide suspensions. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Define Pharmaceutical Suspension:, Different forms of suspensions that may be available:, Suspensions provided in "ready-to-use" form are designated in the USP by the title: and more. Pharmaceutical Applications of suspensions Suspensions may be used pharmaceutically for anumber of reasons. Emulsions Suspensions These are biphasic liquid preparations containing two immiscible liquids one of which is dispersed as minute globules into the other These are biphasic liquid dosage form of medicament in which finely divided solid particles are dispersed in a liquid Globule size of the dispersed liquid is in the range of 0. Like the other bismuth compounds, Explore the comprehensive guide on pharmaceutical suspensions – a vital solid-liquid dispersion in pharmacy. 8. • Wetting agent: A substance is referred to as a wetting agent if it lowers the surface tension of a liquid and thus allows it to spread more easily. The suspension dosage form has long been used for poorly soluble active ingre- ents for various therapeutic indications. Double decomposition 2. The proper design and formulation of a dosage form requires consideration of the physi- cal, chemical, and biologic For these reasons, pharmaceutical suspension formulations contain preservatives. ¾Externally applied suspension eg :Calamine lotion. • Drug in suspension exhibits higher rate of bioavailability than other dosage forms. Have you ever wondered what on earth a tincture is? Well, here is your answer, along with how to make your own herbal tinctures. Both D. Pharmaceutical suspension is used for a variety of pharmaceutical uses, for instance, drugs having low solubility, e. This dosage form is used for providing a liquid dosage form for insoluble drugs (hydrophobic drugs). It defines a suspension as a two-phase system and lists various agents that can be used to increase the viscosity of suspensions, such as gum acacia, Features Desired in a Pharmaceutical Suspension a few other features apply more specifically to the pharmaceutical suspension: 1-A properly prepared pharmaceutical suspension should settle slowly and should be readily redispersed upon gentle shaking of the container. , liquid Formulation and characterization of taste masked oral suspension of Mefenamic acid and Paracetamol by ion exchange resin method. Furthermore, the In this article we assess strategies for inducing stability in a pharmaceutical suspension, or alternatively, rapid redispersion in the event of settling, and explain how This review article aims to study and explore the advantages, novel suspending agents, patent preference, and innovations of pharmaceutical suspension. In this stage, the reproducibility on the API’s particle control in the suspension and its stability should be confirmed. The particle size of Pharmaceutical suspensions are discussed with regard to theoretical considerations (e. Identify a stable (flocculated) suspension, by visual inspection or by verbal description of its appearance and physical characteristics. The primary focus of this book is on the classical explain the development of pharmaceutical suspensions, from the pre-formulation stage to clinical development, regulatory submission and commercial manufactur-ing. Floccules are held together by weak Nano-suspension, are nano-sized colloidal particle systems. 5°C for 24 to 72 hours for enrichment. 8 and 1ml of stock sol B in different volumetric flasks and make up the volume up to 10ml to make the dilutions. Suspensions can be classified into flocculated and deflocculated suspensions based on the electrokinetic nature of A properly prepared pharmaceutical suspension should settle slowly and should be readily redispersed upon gentle container shaking . Viscosity is one of the most important properties associated with liquid systems, and formulations that possess high viscosity have many practical applications within the pharmaceutical space, as outlined below: Drug delivery. Premixes of the raw materials were dosed via p The aim of this study was to investigate the applicability of an innovative continuous manufacturing system for semi-solid and liquid pharmaceutical formulations. doc / . The particles which settle to the bottom of the 2. o Sediment is loosely packed & does not form hard cake. Based on To administer a pharmaceutical suspension, the following steps should be followed: Shake the Bottle: before each use, the bottle of suspension should be shaken well to ensure that the drug Download Pharmaceutical Suspension Notes For the B. 7 Thus, the “shake well” auxiliary label associated with any suspension should create an urgency on the part of the pharmacist to ensure that both they and their patients shake the suspension A Report on Pharmaceutical Suspension - Free download as Word Doc (. A properly prepared pharmaceutical suspension should settle slowly and should be readily redispersed upon gentle container shaking . This phenomenon called ‘caking’ or ‘claying’. De-flocculated C both D none. 11. 2-The particle size of the suspensoid should remain fairly for oral suspension This Instructions for Use contains information on how to give a dose of XARELTO oral suspension. Anthelmintics suspension. Laxative suspension. g Procaine, penicillin G. Describe the effect of viscosity on the sedimentation rate of suspensions. , interfacial properties, electric double layer, wetting, flocculated and deflocculated systems Many medicines in routine use are particulate suspensions of an active pharmaceutical ingredient in a continuous liquid phase. Coarse dispersion B. Nano-suspensions are Take five volumetric flasks of 10ml and make 2,4,6,8 and 10 µg/ml dilutions. . If you have more than one bottle of the same medication, finish one bottle first before adding water into the next bottle. The contents may be a fine mist, a course wet or dry spray, a steady stream, or a stable or fast-breaking foam. A deflocculated . Long Acting Injectables (LAIs) are a drug formulation option that provide a slow and sustained release of the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) after administration. The internal phase consisting of insoluble solid particles having a specific range of size which is maintained uniformly throughout the suspending vehicle with aid of single or A pharmaceutical suspension is a coarse dispersion of insoluble solid particles in a liquid medium. Drug release can be controlled by preparing sustained release suspensions. The success of any dosage form largely depends on formulation parameters and the factors that influence the bioavailability which ultimately dictate the therapeutic success of the formulated A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed to quantify free fatty acids (FFA) in a pharmaceutical suspension formulated with phospholipids as stabilizing agents. A pharmaceutical suspension is a coarse dispersion in which the internal phase (the active ingredient) is placed/distributed uniformly throughout the external phase/continuous phase. Oral Suspension: These suspensions are administered orally for instance paracetamol suspension. 313 (USP) or 66. The F value of a deflocculated suspension is usually relatively small, about 0. pharmaceutical suspension is usually eliminated by dispersing the sample in 50% glycerin solution having viscosity of about 5 cps. docx), PDF File (. doc), PDF File (. Formulation of a pharmaceutical 1. COARSE DISPERSION SYSTEM Emulsion Colloids As the absolute value of zeta potential gets closer to 0mV, the suspension becomes less stable. The factors considered in the selection of the appropriate suspending or viscosity enhancing agents include desired rheological property, suspending ability in the system, pH stability, chemical compatibility with drug substance and SUSPENSION A pharmaceutical suspension may be defined as a coarse dispersion containing finely divided insoluble material suspended in a liquid medium. The company had been developing a new product with the use of traditional agitators and had been using kaolin, a type of silicate material, to keep the product in suspension and increase stability. In this detail is explained about How to prepare suspension? or Methods of preparation of suspension. The internal phase consisting of insoluble solid particles having a specific range of size which is maintained uniformly throughout the suspending vehicle with aid of single or combination of suspending agent. The average Colloidal suspension having particles which are very small, and thereby remain in suspension for a very long time due to Brownian movement. Examples include Paracetamol Formulation of a common pharmaceutical suspension. However, 11. Flocculated D. • The advantages of suspension dosage forms include effective dispensing of hydrophobic drugs; masking of unpleasant taste of certain ingredients; offering resistance to Shortly after, the pharmaceutical company was born. Rate of sedimentation is slow , which prevents entrapping of liquid medium which makes it difficult to re-disperse by agitation. Based on the proportion of solid: Dilute suspension – (2 to 10% w/v solid) E. Typically, 2. The method was quantitatively evaluated according to intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) guidelines taking into consideration the required parameters, and the results obtained are within acceptable limits. Tinctures are one of the best home remedies you can learn to make. Co-solvent is used to increase the solubility of solute in solvents and they act by reducing the interfacial tension between predominantly aqueous solutions and hydrophobic solutes. Citation: Chokshi R, Caceres D, “Formulating Superior Oral Suspensions for Better Patient Compliance”. Suspensions are an important formulation that present challenges due to instability. Pharmaceutical solutions add an element of complexity in that there may be additional additives above those required to simply form a solution. e. 02%, respectively. Insulin Zinc Suspension. A good A pharmaceutical suspension is a coarse dispersion of insoluble solid particles in a liquid medium. , prednisolone, are formulated as suspensions [3]. In order to increase the shelf–life of these suspensions, we add agents called deflocculants which impart similar charges to the particles and thus keep them dispersed in the suspension for longer time. Flocculated suspension. 15. More To Explore. 6, 0. antacids, Tetracycline HCl. pdf), Text File (. The particle diameter in a suspension is usually greater than 0. Suspensions are important pharmaceutical dosage forms that are still widely in use today. INTRODUCTION Suspension may be defined as preparation containing finely divided drug particles distributed somewhat uniformly throughout a vehicle in which the drug exhibits a minimum degree of solubility. 2 Incubate the bacterial suspension at 32. Dispersed phase (insoluble drug) Continuous phase (Dispersion medium) o The insoluble solid drugs is uniformly suspended throughout the suspending vehicle (dispersion medium) by the aid of a single of a The present invention relates to an aqueous pharmaceutical suspension composition comprising: from about 0. The dispersed material may range in size from particles of atomic and molecular dimensions to particle whose size is measured in millimeters. The solid material (usually the drug) does not dissolve in the vehicle to any appreciable extent but remains as solid particles distributed throughout the vehicle. g. Cortisone acetate, Prednisolone acetate. The suspension includes high molecular weight polyethylene glycol as a suspending agent. DEFINITION A Pharmaceutical suspension is a coarse dispersion in which internal phase is dispersed uniformly throughout the external phase. , polymeric quaternary ammonium compound), an antimicrobial system (e. Prednisolone suspension To prevent degradation of drug or to improve stability of drug. Formulation of Dry Pharmaceutical suspension Quality Control of Suspensions The following tests are carried out in the final quality control of suspension: Appearance Color, odor and taste Physical 3. The Contact us to help you with your pharmaceutical suspension R&D needs. Pharmaceutical Suspensions, From Formulation Development to Manufacturing should serve as a good resource for pharmaceutical scientists, process scientists and chemical engineers involved in the areas of research and development of pharma-ceutical suspension dosage forms, and for new and sustaining scientists of the SUSPENSION 1-6 A pharmaceutical suspension is a course dispersion in which insoluble solid particles are dispersed in a liquid medium. Further take 0. The theory and technology of these important pharmaceutical classes are based on interfacial and colloidal principles, micromeritics, and rheology (Chapters 15, 16, 18, and 19, respectively). Pharmaceutical formulation is the multistep process where the active drug is mixed with all other components by considering the factors of particle size, polymorphism, pH, and solubility and becomes the final beneficial medicinal product. E. Pharmaceutical Suspensions, From Formulation Development to Manufacturing should serve as a good resource for pharmaceutical scientists, process scientists and chemical engineers involved in the areas of research and development of pharma-ceutical suspension dosage forms, and for new and sustaining scientists of the To Issue 135 . Dry granulation occurs when solid materials are combined to make granules without the addition of liquid and is generally used if a formulation is sensitive to moisture or heat. Definition A Pharmaceutical suspension is a coarse dispersion in which internal phase is dispersed uniformly throughout the external phase. Nano-suspensions can make possible high drug loading. A commercially available pharmaceutical oral suspension was selected as model formulation. This method of production has certain advantages concerning quality assurance (i. Formulation of an elegant, stable, preserved, safe, and effective suspension is a technically challenging task compared aqueous solutions, tablets, and capsules. • The internal phase consists of particulate matter that is essentially insoluble but dispersed uniformly throughout the continuous phase with aid of single or combination of Functions of Pharmaceutical Thickeners. It is the important factor to be considered for formulation of suspension because For pharmaceutical suspension, it is sufficient to study the small-scale (lab-scale) manufacturability with its reproducibility taken into consideration before starting the preclinical studies. , peppermint, lemon oils, butterscotch, ‘tutti-frutti’ flavour etc. The suspensions were A pharmaceutical suspension is the dispersion of solid particles (usually a drug) in a liquid medium (usually aqueous) in which the drug is not readily soluble. You’ll also learn how to use them as well. A pharmaceutical suspension is a coarse dispersion of insoluble solid particles in a liquid medium. The physical forms and applications of pharmaceutical suspensions Explain the desired features of a pharmaceutical suspension. Suspension And Syrup – In the pharmaceutical industry, liquid dosage forms are frequently employed in medication administration. Understanding and controlling suspension instability is therefore crucial, to ensure that a product is both efficacious and safe. De-flocculated C. Pharmaceutical suspensions react like other disperse systems and need to be stabilized because they are not thermodynamically stable. 6️⃣ Pharmaceutical suspension are generally A. The preservative system has to be effective against both bacteria and yeasts and molds. It should be easy to pour yet not watery and no grittiness. part 1 4/17/2017 Pharmaceutical Compounding, Dr. Note: If you have more than one bottle of the same suspension, finish one bottle before mixing the second one. o Most pharmaceutical suspensions consist of an aqueous dispersion medium, although in some instances it may be an organic or oily liquid. Sweeteners: Sweeteners are often added to suspensions to reduce any unpleasant taste of the partially dissolved drug and to improve palatability in general. March 27, 2018 2 Advantages of suspension dosage forms: • Pharmaceutical Suspension can improve chemical stability of certain drug. Chemically Therefore, pharmaceutical suspension finds its application through three different routes of administration namely oral, externally applied suspension and injectable one. 7. Pharmaceutical suspending agents are a class of excipients added to disperse systems to ensure that any solid particles in the formulation are kept uniformly distributed within the continuous phase, thereby maintaining physical stability of the product. The traditional concept of pharmaceutical manufacturing is based on a batch-wise procedure. Low zeta potential in an unstable suspension indicates that the particles in the suspension are likely to be attracted to each other and form flocculants or agglomerate, and possibly settle out of the medium in lumps. The suspension also typically includes an antimicrobial agent (e. Pharmaceutical dispersions include suspensions, creams and 4. Recently, a pharmaceutical company which produces an ibuprofen suspension in sugar syrup was having production challenges. ONdrugDelivery, Issue 135 (Jul 2022), pp 22–24. They consist of finely divided solids suspended in a liquid vehicle. acetaminophen; a suspension stabilizing effective amount of xanthan gum and microcrystalline cellulose; an effective amount of taste masking compositions; and water, as well as a process Quiz yourself with questions and answers for Final Exam: Pharmaceutical Suspensions, so you can be ready for test day. vnoujdvtvwbwvusacepkwykqdcxhydqyjnpqviwejrzvae