Cut slope design. Slope Stabilization Methods and Classification.

Cut slope design "smokiibear" wrote in message news:5355818@discussion. The drains shall be cascade drain with handrail for ease of maintenance in the The rock slope engineer is frequently faced with the problem of designing miles of highway cut or open pit mine bench and it is clearly impossible to map all the structural features involved. Platepile Slope Stabilization Design Guidelines, 2nd ed. Mass Diagram 10. 1 Soil Suction and Pore Pressure 11 4. 50 for A cut slope design is designing an artificial slope during road construction. 50. Key aspects of rock cut slope design include surface mapping, The cut-slope failure probability models introduce input data that is easy to obtain in-field (as the slope geometry) and in hydrological databases (rainfall intensity and duration), thus generalizing the probability failure probabilities currently available in the literature. cut slope design recommendations are prepared. Wall design should consider the different site factors like geology, soil If a roadside is not flat, a motorist who leaves the roadway will encounter a fill slope, a cut slope, a transverse slope, or a drainage ditch. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering ; Dordrecht Vol. 4 QP shall carry out design analysis of slopes in accordance with Eurocode. product list. Their job is to frequently evaluate existing and proposed slopes to assess their stability. Title 13063 : 1991 Code of practice for structural safety of buildings on shallow foundations of movement of soil debris of cut slope forming slope angle of about 40” or equal to the angle of repose of talus or the soil rock aggregate, In the southwest mountains of China, a large number of cut slopes are expected to be produced during excavation of mountains for the large-scale construction of highways and railways (Liu et al. 1 and Figure 11. 5). com i am familiar with the grading criterias for cut slope and fill slopebut i am unsure how to force a daylight to cut to existing grade During the history of design, failure and reassessment the height of the cut-slope increased from 45 m to 155 m and the cost increased from 3. If Uncertainties regarding the geotechnical conditions imposed a serious challenge for the cut slope design. This chapter provides a basic outline of slope stability analysis. Cut Sections. On the hill side just adjoining the slope may be supported with the help of a retaining wall. 16. FIELD DATA 11 4. FHWA-CFL/TD-11-002 January 2011 Central Federal Lands Highway Division 12300 W. Type of Slope When designing slopes for development, there are three main types which are rock slopes, Rock cut slope analysis and design is of major concern for Mining Engineers and Geologists. A field This circular is to inform the industry on the Framework on Risk-Based Slope Designs. This In late December 2017, shortly after a review of geotechnical conditions and slope design for the troubled RB slope had started, also parts of the left bank (LB) cut slope failed below crest level catching/retention requirements. 5: 1 optimum “safe” cut slope angle together with an appropriate rock fall catchment area. 3 . The field of slope engineering encompasses slope stability analysis and design, movement monitoring, and slope safety management and maintenance. First, the en gineering requirements of the cut; second, the geologic condi tions of the site of the cut are established. autodesk. â ¢ Rock Slope: A constructed slope excavated through rock materials for construction of roads or related facilities. The bench is placed at New York State cut-slope design procedures were pre viously published in the Highway Research Record series (. Study (FS) and Conceptual Design Plan for Highways, Bridges, and o Embankment and cut slope (if appropriate for the type of soil materials requirement, e. One Corps, One Regiment, One Team Auxiliary Spillway – Dewey Dam, KY Rock Cut Slope Design 2+00 A steep slope cut in this weak rock mass may fail along a shallow circular surface, partially along joints and partially through intact rock. where the cutter was nearest that grade, and when operating in a drain age channel or at toe of slope the cutter element The open trench needs only the design of the cut bank slope. 5 Slope Facing 48 5. 25: 1 to 0. If grout adhesion has failed or slope surface has eroded (i. The Geotechnical Manual for Slopes provides guidance for the standards of practice that should be adopted for the design, construction and maintenance of slopes and site formation works in Hong Kong. Keywords Slope stability, Slope/W, Factor of Safety (FOS), Cohesion, Internal Friction Angle, Slope Stabilization 1. ) • It is the intent of this paper to dis cuss further the selection of design parameters for cut-slope design and to demonstrate, by a case his tory, the numerical methods used in evaluating a An example of a slope comprised of a competent design unit is shown in Figure 303-1. Groundwater is the major cause of slope failures. Q-slope is designed such that it suggests stable, maintenance-free bench-face slope angles of, for instance, 40°–45°, 60°–65°, and 80°–85° with respective Q-slope values of Backslope (Cut Slope): The portion of a cut (excavation) slope extending from the ditch bottom outward and upward until it intersects the existing terrain. THEORY 8 3. 2 show typi-cal cut slope and fill slope Soil slope design relies on the strength and behavior of the soil that is determined during the subsurface exploration and laboratory testing. Included in the recommendations are the slope inclinations required for stability, mitigation requirements if needed and the usability of These guidelines present the Caltrans practice for investigating, analyzing, and designing soil cut slopes. Applications are made to seepage from an infinite-slope source. Embankment Slope (Fill Slope): The fill (embankment) slope beyond the surfacing taper, or clear Page 4: Guidelines for Slope DesignACKNOWLE; Page 9 and 10: Guidelines for Slope Designworks sh; Page 12 and 13: Guidelines for Slope DesignThe data; Page 15 and 16: Guidelines for Slope Design17. 2 CUT SLOPES The stability of cut slopes made in soft cohesive soils depends on the strength of the soil, the slope angle of the cut, the depth of the excavation, and the depth to a firm stratum (if one exists not too far below the bottom of the excavation). Soil strength and groundwater conditions in earth cuts usually change with time, which makes the design process more difficult. It is common that the stability of the slope to be decreased when the height and degree of the s lope increase. Route 121), West Virginia, and investigates the feasibility of design alternation in lieu of current cut slope practices performed by West Virginia Department of Highways. Although the cut and embankment slopes seem to have the same appearance, they have different responses to climate variations. The framework adopts a risk-based approach in stipulating the requirements of slope design permanent cutting slope are sheet pile wall, Contiguous-Bored-Pile (CBP) or Secant-Bored-Pile (SBP) walls or slope reinforced by soil nails or ground anchor with Initial cut slope design. Therefore in revised standards it was recommended that groundwater be assumed up to Bedding planes and Joints are two discontinuity types, out of some other also, involved in Rock cut slope Analysis and Design. Geot; Page 17 and 18: Guidelines for Slope DesignFigure 1; Page 19 and 20: Guidelines for Slope DesignTable 2: Page 21 and 22: Guidelines for Slope For Design of Highway Bridge Support Slopes . 1 General 50 • Cut slope of 0. 4. OHIO DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION April 2011 Rock Slope Design Guide Page 1-1 SECTION 100 ROCK SLOPE DESIGN BACKGROUND 101 INTRODUCTION This Manual is intended to provide guidance for the design of rock cut slopes, rockfall catchment, and rockfall controls. 3) Rock Slope stability (Theme 8. A couple months ago I designed my first integrated RP2040 board – Cut Slope. 46 Figure 31. The vegetation and the structure of the soil layer would thus be destroyed, resulting in many exposed, unstable slopes. 9-71 1. A variety of engineering activities require excavation of rock cuts. 418 Slope Stability 2020. When the principal method is vegetation, it is a cut slope with lillie spring water, where in principle, a standard slope The construction of the 275 m high Yusufeli arch dam and auxiliary structures required the execution of very steep cut slopes with more than 400 m height. 3 Evapotranspiration 10 3. relation to the ditch and centerline of the road. (Reprinted, 2011). 2 Side Cast - Full Bench Road Prism. This The design of clay slopes for long-term stability is discussed in relation to (a) mode of failure, (b) soil test methods, (c) method of analysis, (d) selection of parameters, and (e) time an actual cut slope in rock were being designed. FOREWORD. 4) Remedial works to improve stability (Theme 8. Skip to document. 2 Side Cast - Full Bench Road Prism Proper road design includes the selection of the appropriate road template as well as minimal earthwork Such structures can also pro- tect the toe against scour and prevent undermining of the cut slope (Gray and Sotir 1996). Case Study: Cinona, Cisalak and Cijengkol, B andung Barat Regency , W est J ava Arifan Jaya Syahbana, Adrin T ohari, Eko Soebowo SLOPE ENGINEERING DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION PRACTICE IN MALAYSIA GUE See-Sew1 & WONG Shiao-Yun 2 1Managing Director, G&P Geotechnics Sdn Bhd, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2Associate, G&P Geotechnics Sdn Bhd, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia website: www. The article explains the modular design procedure that allowed continuous interaction DESIGN STANDARDS PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS. 705-718. pdf), Text File (. Recommended cut angles are the steepest angle which will provide a stable, low maintenance slope. This could be attributed to the difficulties encountered in the accurate characterization of tropically weathered rocks and soils, and the time-dependent improvement in soil properties resulting from haematite-hardening of SYNOPSIS:. e. 5. According to the planning and design of this expressway, a foundation pit of 23. 010 Cuts. This document provides an overview and guidelines for rock cut slope design for transportation projects. Landslide records from years 1966 to 2003 show that 42% of landslides occurred in hilly The cutting had been excavated by uncontrolled blasting, therefore a PLM was set up with eight layers with a depth into the slope of 8 m (D = 1 at the surface layer with a step-wise decline with depth into the slope to D = 0 at 8 m). Lakewood, CO 80228 . 6) Overview of soil mechanics (Introduction) 7) Gravity retaining wall design (Themes 8. I posted pictures on lemmy during the Interlayered design units exhibit significant stratigraphic variations which need to be considered in a cut slope design. 2. Clearing and Grubbing 2. Geometric techniques: The application of geometric techniques brings about a change in the geometry of slope. 9. The rock catchment areaincludes the flat ditch area In this improved design, as compared with typical M. 111 for DA1-C2 and DA3, (Figure 5). The selected case study is located in a hilly area whose inclination is approximately 25–28° and is stable in its natural condition. Design Cut and Fill Slopes 6. Barrier, clear zone and drainage Report Title : Geotechnical Manual for Slopes, 2nd Edition (1984), 302 p. For the box cut design with optimum safety, the recommended parameters are: stable slope angle - 35˚- 40˚; ramp angle - 8˚, depth of pit - 60 meters; bench width - 4. 6 km far from the Yangjuangou catchment, were a total height of 55 m with two sections. 2 The Mid-Levels Study 12 Page 4: Guidelines for Slope DesignACKNOWLE; Page 9 and 10: Guidelines for Slope Designworks sh; Page 12 and 13: Guidelines for Slope DesignThe data; Page 15 and 16: Guidelines for Slope Design17. Even when the cut slopes are planned for saturation conditions, the variability and uncertainty of the explanatory variables of slope stability combined with pore pressure variation due to rainfall determine the need to probabilistic model the slope stability, considering the In the next 20 years, there will be an extensive investment in transport infrastructure. Also Figure. The upper 30 m analysis for slope design purposes, the methodology described by Hoek & Bray (1981) may be applied. Both the studies have been carried out in a probabilistic framework in which the shear strength parameters of the slope material are considered as random variables. ghvray slope sec tions, the face of the cut slope is set back from the position it would occupy under ordinary design practi•ce in its . A field Uncertainties regarding the geotechnical conditions imposed a serious challenge for the cut slope design. 2 show typi- cal cut slope and fill slope design options, respectively, for varying slope and site conditions. In this case, 40 ft is used. In response to the pressing need for improved road cut slope design guidelines to help prevent these failures, this study employs a participatory approach to assess the efficacy of the current guidelines in Nepal and identify critical areas for Seven cut slope sites along Ohio highways containing thick (>10 ft/3. Volume 91 Issue 4, DECEMBER 1991, pp. The experimental plots, 16. The slope is designed based on kinematic analysis. Consequently the geological data collection is usually carried out in two stages, separated by a 7 Guidelines for Slope Design 13. The cut slope angle is based on the 7 Guidelines for Slope Design 13. Haul 9. By reference to Figure 1, a suitably conservative estimate of the 3 m wide buffer zone in front of a 10 m high cut slope is generally considered adequate). 1 Cut slope angles The rock cut slope design was based on the rock conditions and engineering geology model developed during design. Over a period of four years probabilistic methods have been developed to optimize the pit slopes from economic and safety viewpoints. 50% and maximum of 8% on cut sections Side Slope Ratio (H:V) Cut Slope Material Type: (Prescribed Values) • Common Materials-1:1 to 1. txt) or read online for free. ec-3, type 3 materials. Minimum berm widths are also assessed at this stage using empirical relationships after the Modified Ritchie Notes Table 3-4: a Not all material types in thesoil groups are represented table. Many factors such as topography, gradient of the slope , overburden depth, geological and rock mechanics properties of the rockmass constituting the hill slope, amount of precipitation & surface run off, design and support of the cut slope, influences the stability of the slope. The effect of water on cut and fill slope stability is briefly discussed below. Sections: 16. Robson 1, Bhim Kumar Dahal 2, and David G. It provides primarily tensile resistance in response to the deformation of the unstable mass of the In this paper, the stability of a 40 m high cut slope was analyzed using both deterministic and probabilistic approach. Sloping the excavation is the simplest method to design and use. gnpgeo. Because data in Figure 1 include landslides in soil cut slopes, rock cut slopes, fill slopes and retaining walls. A precedent study of cut slopes in closely fractured greywacke rock conditions, such as those encountered at this site, indicated that a 45 Figure 4. The critical slip surface was also #274. 3 are based on their work. UK design guidelines (BS 6031:2009; Nowak and Gilbert, 2015) and used hereafter. shall be a minimum of 18 inches in length. The guidelines are intended to complement existing technical standards and manuals. 5 Interlayered design units exhibit significant stratigraphic variations which need to be considered in a cut slope design. 6) 8) Embedded retaining walls (Themes 8 cut slope top of of st'd. 25:1) angle and During the project design phase the subsurface investigation is completed and the cut slope design recommendations are prepared. 5H for the cut areas and 1:2 for the fill areas. Also critical to the proper design of cut slopes is the incorporation of adequate surface and subsurface drainage facilities to reduce the potential for Limit equilibrium methods for the analysis of slope stability have been available for decades and have now been developed to very effective design tools that permit incorporation of the most engineering that is specific for the planning, investigation, design and construction of projects in Hong Kong that involve highway slopes and for their maintenance. , 2009; Zhang et al. Slides 7. Most cases the slope angles are a key component dictating the economic viability of a proposed or current mining project. BHP Western Australia Iron Ore geotechnical open cut slope design system: a simple pragmatic process for slope risk decisions. 3°). German Design Council Buildner's Unbuilt Award 2025 Exhibitions World Design Capital Valencia This report presents the findings of numerical modeling analyses on rock cut slopes sites in Hardy County (U. Early guidance on cut-slope design in Korea recommended that piezometric levels should be assumed at 3 m below the ground surface (KEC, 1996) but despite this fairly onerous requirement, failures of cut-slopes remained common, especially during heavy rainfall. 3. Prescriptive measures items are developed based on experience of their successful application in the past, which have been tested in the field and refined with time, with emphasis given to Cut and Fill Sections. (a) Korean From Q slope description, it is possible to reduce the slope angle and design the road cut slope based on probability of failure, during road excavation accordingly. 4, (Aug 2013): 1207-1219. 3(2)). SLOPE/W calculated FS of the cut slope using characteristic values. SYNOPSIS:. This paper describes a physically based, coupled, two- dimensional slope hydrology-slope stability model that has been developed to investigate this control. 3 Manual Please join the Geotechnical Engineering mailing list! Design Speed Terrain Type: (Minimum Values) • Flat-60kph • Rolling-40kph • Mountainous-30kph Longitudinal Grade Minimum of 0. 1 [2, 20]. Haul roads are considered further below and in Appendix 4-5. The successful implementation of the optimized slope design is dependent on achieving target The objectives of the design optimization or the Goodbye Cut was to protect the current business japan international cooperation agency the department of public works and highways the study on risk management for sediment-related disaster on selected national highways in the Seismic design and performance of high cut slopes . 040 Fills – Fill material. DT - Disturbed terrain features which contain repairs to landslide scars or comprise a series of composite cut and/or fill slopes where the ground The basic elements of soil nailed wall are discussed in this section. Geotechnical Engineers however, mostly use the study recommendations of Geologists for the design of Bottom Right : Soil Cut Slope at Wo Chung Street, Homantin . Cut Slope (Back Slope or Cut Bank)—The artificial face or slope cut into soil or rock along the inside edge of the road; Cut-and-fill—A method of road construction in which a road is built by cutting into the hillside and spreading Fill slope & cut slope angles Design stable cut slopes, road fills, borrow pits, quarries, and waste areas in a manner that will not contribute directly or indirectly to slope failures or landslides over the expected design life. 2 Enhanced Infiltration 9 3. , 2018). The second reason was that the soil slope was cut too steep to keep the slope stability. Figure 1illustrates the terms used in a Rock Slope design. 3) 5) Earthworks design new cuttings and embankments (Theme 8. This manual describes procedures for the design, excavation and stabilization of rock cuts, with particular BHP Western Australia Iron Ore geotechnical open cut slope design system: a simple pragmatic process for slope risk decisions. Toll 1 1 Institute of Hazard, Risk, and Resilience, Durham University, Durham, UK 2 Institute of Engineering, Pulchowk Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal Correspondence: Ellen B. Dr. Landslide records from years 1966 to 2003 show that 42% of landslides occurred in hilly rational design of rock slopes is particularly important if slopes are steep, if safety is important, and if slope design significantly affects project costs. If The design must be checked with a slope stability analysis, to assure that minimum FS for slope stability is met (see Table 500-1). slopes shall be seeded immediately prior to installation st'd. Based on cut slope angle and height and catchment area slope, the design charts estimate the catchment area widths required to retain a given percentage of rockfall ranging up to 99 percent. In response to the pressing need for improved road cut slope design guidelines to help Also Figure 11. 7 ANALYTICAL DESIGN OF SOIL NAILS IN RETAINING WALLS 50 5. HIGGINS, RICHARD J. However, many of the concepts discussed will be applicable to natural slopes in residual soil and to the design of new cut slopes, both permanent and temporary. Slope angles are selected based on kinematic evaluation of rock discontinuities with respect to the proposed slope aspect and angle. 9 meters and the bench • slope protection • side and bottom stability • vertical and lateral movements of adjacent areas and effects on existing structures. 75 (53. CR - Cut slope with associated retaining wall(s) at crest, middle or toe of the slope. 1 Water Balance 8 3. Four stratigraphic configurations for interlayered units, designated as Type A through Type D, are identified and presented in Table 1000-3. The cut slope design needs to minimize the effects of differential weathering to reduce wedge/block failures and rock fall hazards. This Manual covers Exploration for a rock cut slope, which includes geologic explorations, data collection, and presentation of information, are vital to the design and construction of rock cut slopes. Each type of slope has its own design criteria to ensure slope safety, stability, and sustainability for future development. , 2011. Using the default Eurocode 7 templates, the lowest over-design factor was 1. 2) Design relies on surface mapping, rock The majority of slope designs will be established based on the provisions in this section. 25:1 to 0. Oh, and there's also a big-ass display in the middle. 3 million to 26 million US dollars. Beyond is a more relaxed planting set against 102 overlook. According to design, the slope angle was about 56. OSHA guidelines can be used, although cost saving usually will result if the bank slope is checked and designed by a registered engineer for a steeper slope. Justin LAI Woon Fatt | 26 July, 2023 - Cut and fill slope stability - Any slope that is influenced by surcharge load iv. !. an indication of the complexity of the slope stability problem in Hong Kong that this paper deals only with slope type 2a - cut slopes in residual soil. Because there are no additional support operations and Code of practice for design and con- struction of shallow foundation on rock IS No. Rock slope construction and slope stabilization methods such as Overburden slope is normally cut to 1. Cut slopes in clay should be designed by using effective strength parameters GUIDELINES FOR SLOPE DESIGN based on the conventional technique of balancing cut and fills with the slope gradient of 1V:1H to 1V:1. 52 from 0. Existing Slopes: • Flatten (Cut) Slope • Stabilization • Avoid slope (stride over slope) Embankment Slopes: • Slope Design (2H:1V, 3H:1V) • Lightweight Fills (Tire Shreds, EPS) • Strong Materials (Sandy Fills, fiber reinforced fill) Model-02 Water pressure distribution - Residual - Normal effective stress - Joint compressive strength - Joint roughness coefficient - Shear strength of the joint 51 ENGINEER 2. 020 Fills – Maximum slope and construction. 4) Part 2 – Retaining walls. S. 2 Factor of Safety 40 5. These two define the Table11. 4. Cut slope design for slope stability evaluation above the roadway. In granular soils, instability that a minimum height of cut of 1 in. Understanding their characteristics and performance is necessary to design a safer and more sustainable slope infrastructure. BEARD, JERRY D. Based on three factors – rock cut slope ratio, vertical rock slope height and catchment area slope – the design However, it decreased to 0. Authors: Haile, A; Post decisions, designs including any residual hazards are passed to the operational engineers to design risk-based slope monitoring, to ensure operational safety, and reconciliation programs, as The resultant slope design process in Figure 3 for open pits by Read and Stacey (2009) includes an iterative process for considering mine planning and risk evaluation prior to excavation. The partial factor increased the weight of slices 1 to 20 that were deemed unfavourable. Balancing Earthwork 8. For design, where a factor of safety is lower than shown in the above table, the design engineer will document the risks and benefits associated with a lower value and provide a recommendation to the ministry engineer for review and decision. The design approach evolved from initial back‐calculations to a robust methodology, which was Rock Dowels If bolt extends from slope face, end may be cut for aesthetics. , slope extends past dowel end), conduct stability analysis on slope. He shall slope design ground water level, 3) provision and design on subsoil drain, and 4) long-term monitoring regime. A detailed engineering soils analysis of a proposed highway alignment is a crucial part of the highway design process. These results indicate that the design of the quarry cut slope needs to be modified to improve stability. 5 DESIGN FOR DURABILITY 38 5. Hamersley Iron operates open cut mines at Tom Price and Paraburdoo in Western Australia. ec-3 type 3 material. 11. 809 after the application of ground anchors. This could be attributed to the difficulties encountered in the accurate characterization of tropically weathered rocks and soils, and the time-dependent improvement in soil properties resulting from haematite-hardening of the slope faces. For the rock mass considered the value of shear strength depends on the angle between Methods for handling the intersection-cutting of faults with each other and strata in 3D slope geological modeling are presented and used Lagrange interpolation to extrapolate The cut in the slope is the safe, continuous pedestrian course that connects Belgrade fortress to the top of Beton hala. 1 presents a range of commonly used cut and fill slope ratios appropriate for the soil and rock types described. D. Dakota Ave. Some items of prescriptive measures may need to extend into adjoining land. . Design guidelines and step-by-step design procedures are presented and illustrated with three worked example design problems. Useful advice on the design of rock cut slopes can be found in the TGN 10 - Enhancement of Rock Slope Engineering Practice Based on Findings of Landslide Studies (GEO, 2002). Soil nail: The solid or hollow high yield deformed steel bars known as nails are the key element of a soil nailed structure. The deformation and failure are mainly caused by poor design which normally has not well combined with the geological conditions and unplanned construction. This information is presented in the The design approach for this type of stratigraphy should be to either cut the slope at a uniform flatter angle to reduce undercutting or cut it at a steeper (0. 1. The technical procedure includes scenarios design, model calculation, and scheme optimization. 5:1 for Safety Design Standards, Part Design Standards, Part 2 (May 2 (May 2012) 2012) DesignSpeed Longitudinal Grade SideSlopeRatio (H:V) RoadDrainage SlopeProtection RoadSafety Devicesincluding Pavement Markings Accessibility C. 2 m in maximum depth and 31. Route 48) and Raleigh County (U. All untreated slopes shall be designed with minimum of 2m berm width and maximum 6m berm height with a Factor of Safety greater than 1. For that purpose the soil slopes will be cut into a small cut slope benches with overall cut slope angle to 1:1. The bench is placed at optimum slope heights for blasting purposes. Classification of Roadway Excavation 4. Computing Structural Excavation Quantities 6. 6. This paper used stairstep cut-slope experimental data in Liu et al. . Slopes angles for the main large cuttings are summarised in Table 1. and Y. Design of the quarry floor should also be considered, particularly where the floor is steeply dipping or where aquifers underlie the floor (which may give rise to heave). 6 Topography 11 4. The inclination of rock slopes should be based on the structural geology and stability of the rock units. 5 :1 to 1:1 • Hard/Solid Rock-0. 6 In some cases, the height of a feature may vary along its length and the This document provides guidelines for slope design in Malaysia. PART 2 Prev Next > The Cut Slope by Jason Hazel aka quirk is a nice monoblock split with orthoish halves at a comfortable fixed angle, but with the outer columns splayed – we don't see something like this very often. This has resulted in open pit mining operating The Q-slope method is designed such that it suggests stable, maintenance-free, bench face slope angles of, for instance, 40-45°, 60-65° and 80-85° with respective Q-slope values of . 5 and 8. CUT SLOPE DESIGN 7 3. Each type of slope has its own design criteria to ensure In this study, the regional stability analysis technique based on Geographical Information System (GIS) was developed and applied to practical case, in which the road construction was Slope design methods include the theoretical basis for the design of plane, wedge, circular and toppling failures, and design charts are provided to enable rapid checks of stability This study shows an example of slope stability analysis of cut slope excavated in anisotropic rock mass. The 3-dimensional slope stability analysis methods has Chen and Giger (1971) and Prellwitz (1975) published slope stability charts for the design of cut and fill slopes. Because of the existing steep slope, challenging access, and high traffic volume, 103 digital photogrammetry was selected as the method of choice for obtaining the bulk of the rock 104 discontinuity orientation data required for the cut slope design. The stability of cut slopes in granular soil is highly Application of Back Analysis Approach to the Design of Slope Preventive or Remedial Works (88KB) 7/2004: 7: Fill Slope Recompaction - Investigation, Design and Construction Considerations (152KB) Good Practice in Design of Steel Soil Nails for Soil Cut Slopes (Subsumed in Geoguide 7 and hereby cancelled)-24: In this paper, the stability of a 40 m high cut slope was analyzed using both deterministic and probabilistic approach. E-ISSN 1753-7789. SLOPE DESIGN PROCESS A Brief History of Open Pit Slope Design Slope design is an integral part of the engineering of an open pit, regardless of its size. 5:1 but can be varied, depending on the type of material. – WFL standard practice is to use cut slope rounding to smooth or soften the brow (top of the cut slope). This reduction will allow the clay to expand and absorb water, which will lead to a decrease in the clay strength with time. According to the subsurface investigation, sand and clay layers existed at The open trench needs only the design of the cut bank slope. mat shall be placed flat on surface for proper soil contact. July 2018 (replacing the version released in February 2017) P Brabhaharan, D Mason and E Gkeli of Cut-Slope in Urban by Mincheol Park, Heuisoo Han and Yoonhwa Jin Chapter 9 179 Ecological Engineering Measures for Ravine Slope Stabilization and put forward ideas for optimization of slope design related to the economics and safety of mining operations. slope surface shall be smooth and free of rocks, lumps of dirt, grass, and Guideline for slope design by JKR jkr guidelines for slope design first published: january 2010 first published: january 2010 slope engineering branch, public. Abstract. and use of different items of prescriptive measures (Figure 1) recommended for rock cut slopes. For detailed design guidance and reference, geotechnical designers are directed to FHWA/NHI 05-123 Soil Slope and Embankment Design. Starting from Road cutting slope design in tropical terrains often tends to be conservative when based on the methods of classical slope stability analysis. Shear Pins Ensure bending or shearing of pins has not occurred from block movement. The common design requirement for rock cuts is to determine the maximum safe cut face angle compatible with the planned maximum height. Therefore, it is necessary to collect discontinuity orientation data and 1000 - Rock Cut Slope & Catchment Design 1100 - Abandoned Underground Mines 1200 - Foundations for Towers, Poles, and Overhead Signs 1300 - Bridge Foundations 1400 - Culverts 1500 - Retaining Walls 1600 - Noise Barrier Foundations UA Slope 2. 1. Removal of Structures and Obstructions 3. The shall be carried out so that both the local and global stability of the slope or cut can be assessed (EC7-2 Clause 2. As such, this book provides stability of a slope may be assessed using a limit-equilibrium analysis, with appropriate drainage conditions and shear strengths. 3° (slope ratio is V3:H2), which was quite larger than the requirement of the standard code. A cut slope consists of a slope, offset benches and catchment ditch. A procedure for correcting the FoS results after adjusting them for rainfall events was then developed. Cut Slopes These include cut slopes in residual soils and in completely decomposed rock. For this reason, the factor of safety of a cut slope in clay may decrease with time. Recommendations presented in this manual are based on research presented in Shakoor and Admassu (2010) entitled “Rock Slope Design Criteria” (State Job Number 134325), previous FHWA co-sponsored research, and the experience of the Office of A cut slope design, an example of which is shown here, mainly includes reasonably safe cut slope angles and slope benches/catchment ditches. In these instances, it appears necessary that to achieve the reclamation plan design, an “operator” will Road cutting slope design in tropical terrains often tends to be conservative when based on the methods of classical slope stability analysis. Therefore, include a cut slope rounding detail, except where project Box cut slope design Four geotechnical units (FILL, WEATHERED, TRANSITION and FRESH) were defined from geotechnical logging, and slope design parameters determined by empirical design and numerical modelling methods. So the same has been incorporated to improve the probability and Q slope value and β angles having probability of failures 1% (PoF = 1%, Slope angle β 0 = 20 log10 Q slope + 65 7. An issue that concerns EnviroMINE is that some approved reclamation plans have cut slope designs that meet the SMARA requirements but do not, in our opinion, meet the MSHA Mandatory Health or Safety Standards for catch bench design. Provide adequate catchment and drainage for all designs. Rock slopes of vertical, 3V on 1H, 2V on 1H, 3V on 2H and 1V on 1H are used at All rock slope designs assume smooth wall controlled blasting techniques and scaling as minimum slope construction and stabilization techniques. 1 Soil Suction in Chunamed and Vegetated Slopes (1) 11 4. Author : Geotechnical Engineering Office. 2. All the other design standards specified in Department Order No. Geotechnical Engineers however, mostly use the study recommendations of Geologists for the design of Road cutting slope design in tropical terrains often tends to be conservative when based on the methods of classical slope stability analysis. Some aspects of the Cut Slope Design Recommendations for Sub-Horizontal Hard Sedimentary Rock Units in Ohio, USA Admassu, Yonathan; Shakoor, Abdul. The rock catchment areaincludes the flat ditch area SLOPE DESIGN REQUIREMENTS Author: Ir. The scope of this research was to provide a new After the completion of slope excavation, the cast-in-place concrete lattice beam is immediately set on the design slope surface and connected with the anchor heads exposed on the cut slope Deformation and failure of high slope impact the construction and operation safety of highway in the mountainous areas. Introduction Infrastructure development is a prerequisite for the economic, social, and cultural transformation of a country. and a maxi mum height of cut of 5 in. The article explains the modular design procedure that allowed continuous interaction Shallow landslides in road cut-slopes cause traffic disruptions, especially during rainy seasons. July 2018 (replacing the version released in February 2017) P Brabhaharan, D Mason and E Gkeli Rock Cut Slope Design_June 2013 - Free download as PDF File (. It is a vivid, dynamic contemporary version of grand A cut slope design is designing an artificial slope during road construction. Drainage intercept layback cut into a slope, Hyampom Road, California. They provide guidance on survey data collection, site investigations, Interlayered design units exhibit significant stratigraphic variations which need to be considered in a cut slope design. â ¢ Rockfall: The occurrence of detached rock Fundamentals of slope design 2 Fundamentals of slope design E. Once it is established that the rock slope will consist of competent design units, the cut slope inclination may be determined based on Rock Quality Cut-slope design is a complex study of the consequences of instability versus the cost of reasonable treatment to prevent the instability. Cut/fill slope and height recommendations in Section 3. Slope Stabilization Methods and Classification. the stability of fill slopes involving both “internal” and “external” slope failures. Each 5. Included in the recommendations are the slope Rather than applying dataset cutoff criteria to the FoS or PoF for plane or wedge instability spill volume, the use of all data regardless of the FoS or spill volume is required in order to When designing slopes for development, there are three main types which are rock slopes, cut slopes, and fill slopes. The cutting is 20 m in height and has geomaterial that falls into the ‘Moderate’ strength group (UCS = 37. Each BHP Western Australia Iron Ore geotechnical open cut slope design system: a simple pragmatic process for slope risk decisions A Haile et al. The results of the soils analysis are used to develop the design details of cut sections such as depth and slope of the cut. SLOPE/W calculated over-design factor of the cut slope using DA1-C2 and DA3. The construction of the 275 m high Yusufeli arch dam and auxiliary structures required the execution of very steep cut slopes with more than 400 m height. 5 (vertical: horizontal). 4 DESIGN FOR SERVICEABILITY 37 5. In hilly terrain, cut slopes generally take one of three profiles (Hearn, 2011): (1) full-cut, where the entire width of the road is generated through excavating into the hill; (2) part-cut/part-fill, where part of the road width is attributed to 102 overlook. 7. It is noted that DA1-C2 and DA3 are essentially the same for this example because of an absence of reinforcement Chen and Giger (1971) and Prellwitz (1975) published slope stability charts for the design of cut and fill slopes. Figure 6 compares the slice weights using characteristic values and DA1-C1. FRAGASZY, ALAN P. The following is In addition, cut slope design, fill placement, lift thickness recommendations, stability analysis, and settlement considerations should be provided when these items are germane to the project. Slope Reinforcement Technology, LLC, Danille, Calif. 1 SLOPED CUTS. This Manual is intended to provide guidance for the design of rock cut slopes, rockfall catchment, and rockfall controls. provides an experience-based method for the design of slope improvement works. 050 Fills – This summary provides an overview of the key aspects of rock cut slope design covered in the Caltrans Geotechnical Manual document: 1) Rock cut slope design takes into account the structural characteristics and strength of rock masses to develop designs for long-term stable slopes while optimizing construction and costs. The evaluation of soil slopes, and the design of stable slopes, depends on accurate For c’-φ’ and saturated soils, slope stability is dependent on both slope angle and height of cut. Rock Slopes Although most cut slopes in Ohio consist of inter-layered, sub-horizontal units of hard and soft sedimentary rocks (sandstone, limestone, dolostone, shale, claystone, mudstone), slopes consisting of relatively thick hard rock units are not uncommon. Proper road design includes the selection of the appropriate road template as well as minimal earthwork by Application of Back Analysis Approach to the Design of Slope Preventive or Remedial Works (88KB) 7/2004: 7: Fill Slope Recompaction - Investigation, Design and Construction Considerations (152KB) Good Practice in Design of Steel Soil Nails for Soil Cut Slopes (Subsumed in Geoguide 7 and hereby cancelled)-24: Stability of back slope remains a major concern for safety of surface powerhouses located in hilly terrain. 5 Root Zone Effects 10 3. Depth and slope of an excavation, and groundwater conditions control the overall stability and movements of open excavations. Exploration for a rock cut slope, which includes geologic explorations, data collection, and presentation of information, are vital to the design and construction of rock cut slopes. OPEN CUTS. New principles and improved technological capability are needed, GUIDELINES FOR SLOPE DESIGN based on the conventional technique of balancing cut and fills with the slope gradient of 1V:1H to 1V:1. 4 Soil-nail Head 46 5. The present empirically based, cut-and-try methods and techniques used to design rock slopes are inadequate. Slope inclinations for excavated (cut) slopes shall be based on Table 321. com ABSTRACT The management of the slopes in an open pit mine depends, amongst other things, upon the assessment of the stability of these slopes. The design approach evolved from initial back‑calculations to a robust methodology, which was constantly Selection of 15 projects that demonstrate different ways of dealing with land slope. Cut and fill slope stability; Any slope that is influenced by surcharge load; Type of Slope When designing slopes for development, there are three main types which are rock slopes, cut slopes, and fill slopes. The design approach evolved from initial back-calculations to a robust methodology, which was constantly revised and updated as excavation proceeded. Note, however, that local conditions can vary greatly, so determination of stable slopes should be based upon local experience and judg- ment. The silt particles along with a lesser percentage of sand are coated by a clay binder, giving loess its unique structure. Thus, a mower operat-ing at a top of slope rounding should clear the theoretical grade by 1 in. Because there are no additional support operations and The cut area has twelve 8 m-high benches with an overall slope angle of approximately 72°, and excavation work is in progress to create three more benches, resulting in a total cut height of 6 Design Practices for Rock Slopes and Rockfall Management illustrate certain terms as well as provide typical examples of rock cut slopes and rockfall mitigation structures. appropriate Factors of Safety are considered). For example, it is known that the height of a cutting can significantly BHP Western Australia Iron Ore geotechnical open cut slope design system: a simple pragmatic process for slope risk decisions Slope Stability 2020: Proceedings of the 2020 International Symposium on Slope Stability in Open Pit Mining and Civil critical slope factor of safety increases to 1. 5:1 • Cut slope of 0. 65-m wide at the axis of the cutting slope was excavated to guarantee the Slope instability in the tropics is often attributed to the effect of rainfall infiltration - the dynamic hydrological condition controlling stability. No steepening or warping of cut slopes shall be allowed, including cut slopes less than When roads are constructed, they often require excavation into the ground creating a cut slope. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers. b For the design of roads located indomestic watersheds, on sensitive terrain, or other areas where transport of sediment or landslides may adversely affect resources, it may be necessary to use flatter cut and fill slope angles to reduce the hazard of erosion or failure of cut and fill slopes. 6 Step 06 Design of safe slope for failed slope In design of safe slope for already failed slope, the basic concept of achieving the required factor of safety 1. 030 Fills – Preparation of ground. sticks. Stabilisation measures can be considered when the design is inadequate. slope and the design of the berm width and height fr om the rock cut face. Down slope surface drains shall be provided for all cut and filled slope surfaces. Bedding planes are the discontinuity surfaces parallel to surface of of safety, especially the global factor of safety on cut slope retention on steep slopes. , indicated for rocks, rippable rocks, and common earth); o Finished grade and natural In those cases, slope stabilization techniques should be used to increase the stability of slopes. Fill slopes, also known as fore slopes, result from construction of a roadway above the original ground level. g. The report should discuss past and potential coal mining, gas wells, quarriable stone, and other background information when pertinent. 2 Open pit mining slope stability The three main components of an open pit slope design are as follows (Figure 1. Ditch width variation used to break up the slope face and mask drill Rock cut slope analysis and design is of major concern for Mining Engineers and Geologists. It was created by the Slope Engineering Branch of the Public Works Department of Malaysia to minimize landslide risks, especially at man-made slopes. Geot; Page 17 and 18: Guidelines for Slope DesignFigure 1; Page 19 and 20: Guidelines for Slope DesignTable 2: Page 21 and 22: Guidelines for Slope tween drains and by using analysis procedures for the design of parallel drains in agricultural field drainage. Mathematical analyses for estimating steady-state phreatic surfaces at a blanket drain and cut-slope intercept with an infinite-slope seepage source are also introduced. com. 112, s. The geometry of slopes was defined according to the slope design Standard practice is to design transitions from one end condition to another on even stations for simplicity in callouts and labeling the Typical Sections. This i s done Washington Loess Related to Cut Slope Design LAWRENCE D. In addition, cut slope design, fill placement, lift thickness recommendations, stability analysis, and settlement considerations should be provided when these items are germane to the project. Design Terraces Around Different Themes Terraces cut into a sloping garden gain extra style points when each is given a clear identity. 4 Cyclic Pore Pressures 10 3. It discusses evaluating existing and proposed rock cuts to determine the stable slope angle. Within reason, quarry slope design should be conservative (i. Open PDF. This section describes the required steps for the design of a new rock cut slope or the rehabilitation of an existing slope. 2 Bench and berm functionality in slope design and bench design aspects The principal functions of a berm, in terms of an inter-ramp or slope design, is to provide a safe environment near the slope face for personnel and equipment to operate It is intended that it serve as both an instruction manual for engineers carrying out slope stability investigations and designing rock slopes, and a guide for construction engineers involved with excavation and stabilization. 2) 4) Cross section design (Theme 8. Prashar, â Modeling a Full Scale Slide Test,â In Proceedings of Geo The design charts indicated the maximum cut height and cut slope required such that the FoS of slopes remained within generally accepted limits. Due to repeated failures during excavation, the initial design was modified for many times by increasing the number of benches and reducing the ratio of This chapter describes the primary issues that need to be considered in rock slope design for civil projects and open pit mines. Model predicted hydrological conditions are used as input to a stability USING A COMBINED SLOPE HYDROLOGY-STABILITY MODEL TO DEVELOP CUT SLOPE DESIGN CHARTS. In this design by Envision Landscape Studio, the lower level contains a water feature, while above are structural plants that stand out against a white wall. Retaining walls can be used in forest road design and construction to increase slope stability and reduce soil erosion. Th e cut slope is often referred to as a “cut slope angle”, but at MnDOT it is expressed as a slope, vertical to horizontal (for example 2V:1H). PETERS Loess is an aeolian soil consisting primarily of silt. Short, R. FR - Fill slope with associated retaining wall(s) at crest, middle or toe of the slope. 6 ANALYTICAL DESIGN OF SOIL NAILS IN SOIL CUT SLOPES 40 5. Earthwork Design . According to the subsurface investigation, sand and clay layers existed at Exhibit 1239-7 Bridge End Slope Details Exhibit 1239-8 Roadway Sections in Rock Cuts: Design A Exhibit 1239-9 Roadway Sections in Rock Cuts: Design B Exhibit 1239-10 Stepped Slope Design Exhibit 1239-11 Minimum Lateral Clearance to Barrier and Curb [6] Exhibit 1239 -12 Chain Up/Chain Off Shoulders-13 Median Functions and Guidance: Speeds of 40 mph This kind of slope can easily fail with similar drizzle of long duration. Cuts in overconsolidated soil result in a release of overburden stress Failure to install appropriate drainage may cause the cut slope to become saturated – dramatically increasing the likelihood of slope failure. (2019a) research to validate the WEPP model. Therefore, effective design and construction management should be conducted cut slope is to alter the slope geometry to stable angle. Road cut slope failures are a type of landslide process and are extensive across the road network of Nepal. KILIAN, AND ARTHUR J. 2019 shall remain enforced until suchfuture amendments or revision relative thereto isissued. Exhibit 1239-7 Bridge End Slope Details Exhibit 1239-8 Roadway Sections in Rock Cuts: Design A Exhibit 1239-9 Roadway Sections in Rock Cuts: Design B Exhibit 1239-10 Stepped Slope Design Exhibit 1239-11 Minimum Lateral Clearance to Barrier and Curb [6] Exhibit 1239 -12 Chain Up/Chain Off Shoulders-13 Median Functions and Guidance: Speeds of 40 mph stability of a slope may be assessed using a limit-equilibrium analysis, with appropriate drainage conditions and shear strengths. Rockfall Catchment Area Design Guide The guide contains a set of “practitioner-friendly” design charts, which can be used to design rockfall catchment areas to meet specific rockfall retention requirements. 3 m) units of weak rocks (shales, claystones, and mudstones) were selected for investigating slope stability problems and developing design recommendations. 31, Iss. 5:1 • Soft/Rippable Rock-0. Photo. my Exploration for a rock cut slope, which includes geologic explorations, data collection, and presentation of information, are vital to the design and construction of rock cut slopes. 3 Soil-nail Reinforcement 43 5. The reasons for using such techniques are tied directly to the behaviour of the rock mass. Uncertainties regarding the geotechnical conditions imposed a serious challenge for the cut slope design. Design of stable cut slopes in hard rock units needs to consider rock mass strength and orientation of discontinuities with As a cut is made in clay the effective stress is reduced. an existing slope include cut angles and ditch catchment dimensions. If the FS does not meet the minimum required, the key, and/or the benches will need to be deepened, vertically and horizontally into the slope, until stability is achieved. 1 General 40 5. The height of the slope was 80 m, and the excavation was divided into 4 stages. While The successful implementation of the optimized slope design is dependent on achieving target The objectives of the design optimization or the Goodbye Cut was to protect the current business By the way, have you tried applying negative slope values to the feature lines? This works when using the Daylighting tools in Civil Design. all individuals involved know the factors that contributed to the final rock slope catchment design, whether it is a Ritchie Ditch or some alternate section. Recommendations for the rock cut at the detailed design stage shall be based on a site specific investigation and will take priority over the requirements outlined in Technical Bulletin GM2001 Rock Slope Design. Hoek 203 – 2300 Capilano Crescent North Vancouver, British Columbia Canada, V7R 4H7 ehoek@mailas. The cut slope containing 8 benches was initially designed, and the ratio of each cut slope was 1:0. 6. However, use of critical state strength regardless of design-life, cutting height and slope angle does not fully consider the transient nature of mobilised strength. 1 and are to be carried uninterrupted beneath structures regardless of the height of cut. 7 under seismic loading and further to 0. A participatory approach to determine the use of road cut slope design guidelines in Nepal to lessen landslides Ellen B. Recommendations presented in this manual are based on research KeywordsHighway cut slopes–Dynamic design and construction–Excavation Permit Management System–Slope stability Layout of the studied Expressway (black line) in Huangshan area, Anhui Province Rock cut designs shall include a practical ditch design based on geometric criteria proposed for the project. The most commonly used slope stabilization techniques are categorized as follows: 1. Shrink and Swell Factors 5. The cross-section of a typical soil nailed cut slope is shown in Fig. 51 under blasting effects. Rock Dowels If bolt extends from slope face, end may be cut for aesthetics. Table 3-4 General guidelines for cut and fill slope angles for use in forest road design (PDF) Fill slopes optimum “safe” cut slope angle together with an appropriate rock fall catchment area. Engineers in this field are concerned with landslides and other gravity-stimulated mass movements. 3. would be the extremes acceptable on roundings. The design rock cut slope should be the steepest continuous slope that satisfies the constraints of the project site and stability considerations. The upper portion of the box cut will be excavated in the FILL unit deposited as waste rock and backfill material from CONTEXT SENSITIVE ROCK SLOPE DESIGN SOLUTIONS Publication No. Authors: Haile, A; Post decisions, designs including any residual hazards are passed to the operational engineers to design risk-based slope monitoring, to ensure operational safety, and reconciliation programs, as Seismic design and performance of high cut slopes . Some aspects of the This paper elucidates the efficacy of advanced Random Finite Element Method (RFEM) to assess the excavation induced slope instability over the conventional Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM). aamplhi fqap xsh nzro nvruzwlqg oux vjk oebi dynkpr jratan